{"id":46,"date":"2014-11-15T16:37:20","date_gmt":"2014-11-15T15:37:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/slunecnice.orlicemb.cz\/subdom\/slunecnice\/?page_id=46"},"modified":"2023-08-18T16:31:27","modified_gmt":"2023-08-18T15:31:27","slug":"orientace-a-mapy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/slunecnice.orlicemb.cz\/subdom\/slunecnice\/?page_id=46","title":{"rendered":"Orientace a mapy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Podle kompasu<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kompas se polo\u017e\u00ed na vodorovn\u00fd podklad (nejl\u00e9pe na rozev\u0159enou dla\u0148, nen\u00ed-li na bl\u00edzku nic jin\u00e9ho), a tam, kam ukazuje mod\u0159e zakalen\u00e1 \u0161pi\u010dka kompasov\u00e9 st\u0159elky, tam je sever. Druh\u00fd konec st\u0159elky ukazuje k jihu.<\/p>\n<\/div>

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>
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Podle slunce<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e1no je slunce p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b na v\u00fdchod\u011b, v poledne na jihu a ve\u010der zhruba na z\u00e1pad\u011b. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v hodin\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017eeme sv\u011btov\u00e9 strany stanovit takto: v 6 hodin r\u00e1no na v\u00fdchod\u011b, v 9 hodin na JV, ve 12 hodin na jihu, v 15 hodin na JZ a v 18 hodin na z\u00e1pad\u011b.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Podle hodinek<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nam\u00ed\u0159\u00edme malou (tedy hodinovou) ru\u010di\u010dku hodinek k Slunci. \u00dahel, kter\u00fd ru\u010di\u010dka sv\u00edr\u00e1 s dvan\u00e1ctkou na cifern\u00edku, rozp\u016fl\u00edme my\u0161lenou p\u0159\u00edmkou. Sm\u011br, kter\u00fd p\u0159\u00edmka ukazuje, vede mezi Sluncem a dvan\u00e1ctkou k jihu, na opa\u010dnou stranu pak k severu. Pamatujte si: dopoledne p\u016fl\u00edme \u00fahel od mal\u00e9 ru\u010di\u010dky vlevo, odpoledne vpravo!<\/p>\n<\/div>

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>
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Podle p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch jev\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Osam\u011bl\u00e9 stromy m\u00edvaj\u00ed kmen ze severn\u00ed \u010di severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed strany porostl\u00fd li\u0161ejn\u00edkem nebo mechem. Sn\u00edh se na ja\u0159e nejd\u00e9le udr\u017e\u00ed na str\u00e1n\u00edch a v p\u0159\u00edkopech obr\u00e1cen\u00fdch k severu. Pa\u0159ezy strom\u016f maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 kruhy („l\u00e9ta“) na severn\u00ed stran\u011b hust\u0161\u00ed, na jihu \u0159id\u0161\u00ed a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed (proto\u017ee z jihu p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed ke stromu v\u00edce slune\u010dn\u00edho tepla). Slune\u010dnice se ot\u00e1\u010dej\u00ed za sluncem, i kdy\u017e je zamra\u010deno. Mraveni\u0161t\u011b m\u00e1 sr\u00e1zn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sp\u00e1d k severn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stran\u011b. Kostely stoj\u00ed v\u011b\u017e\u00ed \u010di hlavn\u00edm vchodem na z\u00e1pad, olt\u00e1\u0159e na v\u00fdchod. V\u010del\u00edny sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed k jihu. V horsk\u00fdch oblastech maj\u00ed stromy vlivem v\u011btr\u016f na severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed stran\u011b v\u011btve \u0159id\u0161\u00ed a ol\u00e1man\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Podle busoly<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Busola je zdokonalen\u00fd kompas. Azimut – \u00fahel mezi severem a p\u0159\u00edmkou, vedouc\u00ed k vyt\u010den\u00e9mu c\u00edli. Umo\u017e\u0148uje j\u00edt k c\u00edli bezpe\u010dn\u011b, bez uch\u00fdlen\u00ed, a to i za tmy, v mlze a v naprosto nep\u0159ehledn\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu.
Orientace mapy podle busoly – Ot\u00e1\u010d\u00edme stupnic\u00ed tak dlouho, a\u017e p\u00edsmeno S (N) (co\u017e je z\u00e1rove\u0148 nult\u00fd stupe\u0148) se ocitne u ukazatele. Pak polo\u017e\u00edme busolu jej\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011brnou hranou na prav\u00fd okraj mapy. Potom ot\u00e1\u010d\u00edme celou mapou (a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i busolou na n\u00ed) tak, \u017ee magnetka se ocitne svou \u0161ipkou p\u0159esn\u011b u ukazatele.<\/p>\n<\/div>

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1ce s mapou<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Mapa je zmen\u0161en\u00e9, zev\u0161eobecn\u011bn\u00e9 a vysv\u011btlen\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed objekt\u016f. K pr\u00e1ci s mapou pot\u0159ebujeme kompas \u010di buzolu a samotnou mapu. Sever na map\u011b je v\u017edy na horn\u00edm okraji mapy. Z mapy lze vy\u010d\u00edst vzd\u00e1lenost jednotliv\u00fdch m\u00edst a jejich vz\u00e1jemnou polohu – charakter krajiny (kopcovit\u00e1-rovinn\u00e1, lesnat\u00e1-hol\u00e1, rybn\u00edkat\u00e1 apod.; – turisticky zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 m\u00edsta; – m\u00edsta vhodn\u00e1 k t\u00e1bo\u0159en\u00ed a p\u0159enocov\u00e1n\u00ed.; – pr\u016fb\u011bh cesty (kdy p\u016fjdeme do kopce, kdy z kopce apod.) Nerovnosti zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu se na map\u011b zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00ed k\u00f3tami, kter\u00e9 ozna\u010duj\u00ed nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161ku dan\u00e9ho m\u00edsta, nebo vrstevnicemi, co\u017e jsou k\u0159ivky spojuj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00edsta se stejnou nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1vod k pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1) Zorientujeme mapu<\/strong> (P\u0159ilo\u017e\u00edme buzolu tak aby le\u017eela na \u010dtvere\u010dc\u00edch na map\u011b a ot\u00e1\u010d\u00edme mapu s buzolou tak dlouho, dokud nebude st\u0159elka ukazovat na vrch mapy. Nyn\u00ed se n\u00e1m mapa shoduje se skute\u010dn\u00fdm ter\u00e9nem.)
2) P\u0159eveden\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka<\/strong> ( M\u011b\u0159\u00edtko na map\u011b n\u00e1m \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 kolik cm na map\u011b je kolik cm ve skute\u010dnosti nap\u0159. 1:50 000. Jeliko\u017e nechceme d\u00e9lku trasy po\u010d\u00edtat v cm sta\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1m p\u0159ev\u00e9dst skute\u010dn\u00e9 cm na km: 50 000cm = 500 m = 0,5 km. To znamen\u00e1 \u017ee nyn\u00ed je na\u0161e m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko 1 cm na map\u011b je 0,5 km ve skute\u010dnosti.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed azimutu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Mapov\u00e9 zna\u010dky<\/b>
B\u00fdvaj\u00ed uvedeny na okraji nebo na rubu mapy. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich se na jednotliv\u00fdch map\u00e1ch nepatrn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pochodov\u00e9 zna\u010dky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\"\"Jdi t\u00edmto sm\u011brem<\/b>
Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed zna\u010dka v podob\u011b \u0161ipky. Je sestaven\u00e1 z v\u011btvi\u010dek, zku\u0161en\u00fd stopa\u0159 ale pou\u017eije t\u0159\u00ed kamen\u016f (dva na sob\u011b, t\u0159et\u00ed ve sm\u011bru pochodu), sv\u00e1zan\u00fdch st\u00e9bel tr\u00e1vy nebo v\u011btvi\u010dek zap\u00edchnut\u00fdch ve sm\u011bru pochodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"Jdi touto cestou<\/b>
\u0160ipka ve v\u00fdznamu Jdi t\u00edmto sm\u011brem ud\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u017edy jenom sm\u011br. Na cest\u00e1ch je \u010dasto pot\u0159eba pou\u017e\u00edt zna\u010dky jin\u00e9, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje \u00fasporu zna\u010den\u00ed v zat\u00e1\u010dk\u00e1ch cest. Sch\u00e9ma zna\u010dky Jdi touto cestou odpov\u00edd\u00e1 dv\u011bma \u0161ipk\u00e1m vedle sebe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"Sleduj tuto zna\u010dku<\/b>
Dal\u0161\u00edm zjednodu\u0161en\u00edm zna\u010den\u00ed sm\u011bru je mo\u017enost zaveden\u00ed nov\u00e9ho zp\u016fsobu zna\u010den\u00ed. Mohou j\u00edm b\u00fdt r\u016fzn\u00e9 plody (nap\u0159. bobule), listy, kam\u00ednky nebo v\u011btvi\u010dky, kter\u00e9 si p\u0159edem opat\u0159\u00edme a potom pou\u017eijeme na m\u00edst\u011b, kde se nevyskytuj\u00ed. Jejich zaveden\u00ed je t\u0159eba ozn\u00e1mit p\u0159edem pou\u017eit\u00edm zna\u010dky, jej\u00edm\u017e sch\u00e9matem jsou dv\u011b \u0161ipky vedle sebe a zvolen\u00fd symbol mezi nimi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"Touto cestou necho\u010f<\/b>
Um\u00eds\u0165uje se tam, kde cesta u\u017e nevede, nap\u0159\u00edklad po n\u00e1hl\u00e9 odbo\u010dce, kterou je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnout. Sch\u00e9matem jsou zk\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 \u00fase\u010dky ve tvaru p\u00edsmene X a tak je tak\u00e9 zna\u010dka b\u011b\u017en\u011b zn\u00e1zor\u0148ov\u00e1na v\u011btvi\u010dkami (le\u017e\u00edc\u00edmi nebo zap\u00edchnut\u00fdmi v zemi), kameny \u010di \u0161ikmo sv\u00e1zan\u00fdmi snopky tr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"Sp\u011bchej<\/b>
Sch\u00e9ma vyjad\u0159uje tuto zna\u010dku jako dv\u011b \u0161ipky za sebou. Je ale nutn\u00e9 se zm\u00ednit o tom, \u017ee i p\u0159i sp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 ch\u016fzi je t\u0159eba kl\u00e1st zna\u010dky v\u017edy mimo vlastn\u00ed cestu (na jej\u00ed prav\u00fd okraj) a stejn\u011b tak i sledovat tyto zna\u010dky bez jejich poru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"Dopis t\u00edmto sm\u011brem <\/b>
Ko\u0159en\u00edm stopovac\u00edch her jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b dopisy , ve kter\u00fdch se dov\u00edd\u00e1me bu\u010f dal\u0161\u00ed pokyny nebo dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fakoly. Podle sch\u00e9matu (\u010dtverec se \u0161ipkou) zhotovujeme tuto zna\u010dku nej\u010dast\u011bji z v\u011btv\u00ed nebo kam\u00ednk\u016f a dovnit\u0159 obrazce vkl\u00e1d\u00e1me p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd po\u010det \u0161i\u0161ek, v\u011btvi\u010dek, kam\u00ednk\u016f apod., kter\u00fd odpov\u00edd\u00e1 po\u010dtu krok\u016f do m\u00edsta, kde je dopis schov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"Rozd\u011blte se<\/b>
Zna\u010dka je typick\u00e1 pro skautsk\u00e9 hry, v jej\u00edm sch\u00e9matu se objevuje rozd\u011blen\u00ed \u0161ipky. Jak\u00fdmkoli v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm p\u0159edm\u011btem (kam\u00ednky, \u0161i\u0161kami, v\u011btvi\u010dkami), um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdmi za rozv\u011btven\u00edm, je mo\u017en\u00e9 i p\u0159edepsat po\u010det \u010dlen\u016f dru\u017einy do jednotliv\u00fdch sm\u011br\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\u010cekej<\/b>
Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se ve dvou variant\u00e1ch, jednak s p\u00edsmenem T, jednak s dv\u011bma soust\u0159edn\u00fdmi obd\u00e9ln\u00edky slo\u017een\u00fdmi obvykle z v\u011btvi\u010dek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed zna\u010den\u00ed v c\u00edli pr\u016fzoru\"\"<\/b>
\u010casto se st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159i stopovac\u00ed h\u0159e je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ej\u00edt \u00fadol\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m le\u017e\u00ed osada, tak\u017ee hroz\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed rozbit\u00ed zna\u010dek. C\u00edlem pr\u016fzoru by m\u011bl b\u00fdt opravdu v\u00fdzna\u010dn\u00fd bod, nap\u0159\u00edklad zcela osam\u011bl\u00fd strom, posed…
T\u00e1bor t\u00edmto sm\u011brem<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/b>Praktick\u00e9 proveden\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 bu\u010f vyryt\u00e9, nebo zhotoven\u00e9 z v\u011btvi\u010dek (a\u0165 ji\u017e le\u017e\u00edc\u00edch nebo zap\u00edchnut\u00fdch v zemi). Obvykle tato zna\u010dka p\u0159edstavuje konec stopovac\u00ed hry.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Podle kompasu Kompas se polo\u017e\u00ed na vodorovn\u00fd podklad (nejl\u00e9pe na rozev\u0159enou dla\u0148, nen\u00ed-li na bl\u00edzku nic jin\u00e9ho), a tam, kam ukazuje mod\u0159e zakalen\u00e1 \u0161pi\u010dka kompasov\u00e9 st\u0159elky, tam je sever. Druh\u00fd konec st\u0159elky ukazuje k jihu. Podle slunce R\u00e1no je slunce p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b na v\u00fdchod\u011b, v poledne na jihu a ve\u010der zhruba na z\u00e1pad\u011b. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v hodin\u00e1ch […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":39,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/slunecnice.orlicemb.cz\/subdom\/slunecnice\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/slunecnice.orlicemb.cz\/subdom\/slunecnice\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/slunecnice.orlicemb.cz\/subdom\/slunecnice\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/slunecnice.orlicemb.cz\/subdom\/slunecnice\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/slunecnice.orlicemb.cz\/subdom\/slunecnice\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=46"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/slunecnice.orlicemb.cz\/subdom\/slunecnice\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1297,"href":"https:\/\/slunecnice.orlicemb.cz\/subdom\/slunecnice\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46\/revisions\/1297"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/slunecnice.orlicemb.cz\/subdom\/slunecnice\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/slunecnice.orlicemb.cz\/subdom\/slunecnice\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=46"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}